Shakespeares Othello - Loving Desdemona :: Othello essays

Loving Desdemona  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare, in his tragic drama Othello, creates a most exquisite character in the person of Desdemona. Her many virtues clearly require that she be given detailed consideration by every Christian member of the audience.    David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies describes the depth of virtue within this tragic heroine:    We believe her [Desdemona] when she says that she does not even know what it means to be unfaithful; the word â€Å"whore† is not in her vocabulary. She is defenseless against the charges brought against her because she does not even comprehend them, cannot believe that anyone would imagine such things. Her love, both erotic and chaste, is of that transcendent wholesomeness common to several late Shakespearean heroines [. . .]. Her â€Å"preferring† Othello to her father, like Cordelia’s placing her duty to a husband before that to a father, is not ungrateful but natural and proper. (221)    Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants interprets the protagonist’s very meaningful four-word greeting to Desdemona which he utters upon disembarking in Cyprus:    Othello’s four words, â€Å"O, my soul’s joy,† tell us that this beautiful Venetian girl has brought great joy, felicity, bliss to the very depths of his soul. This exquisitely beautiful love that has come to a thoughtful, earnest man is indescribably impressive. For him it is   heaven on earth. And all the while, almost within arm’s length, stands Iago, the embodiment of evil, like the serpent in the Garden of Eden. (87)    In Act 1 Scene1, Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken him with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. In response to Iago’s vulgar descriptions of Desdemona’s involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed and, with Roderigo’s help, gathers a search party to go and find Desdemona and bring her home. The father’s attitude is that life without his Desdemona will be much worse than before:    It is too true an evil: gone she is;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And what's to come of my despised time   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is nought but bitterness. (1.1)    So obviously the senator has great respect for his daughter, or at least for the comforts which she has afforded him up the beginning of the play.

Advanced Criminology

Anthropological research data has shown the violence is an inherent conduct among the primate species (Walker, 2001).   In society, criminal violence is a common occurrence and legislators have suggested that the behavior of criminals be analyzed in order to identify any psychological patterns that are consistent among these particular types of individuals.In the past few decades, neurobiologists have proposed that an individual’s condition, which encompasses empathy, morality and free will, is holistically influenced by the frequency of stimulation and assembly of the neurons of an individual.   Such notion is contradictory to the concept of Cartesian dualism, which states that the brain and the mind are two independent entities that coordinate with each other.To date, the accumulation of research reports from the field of neuroscience is gradually affecting the concepts and effectivity of the justice system because of the shifting in the concept of human behavior and res ponse to different stimuli.   Neuroscience has influenced our current understanding of the multiple factors that govern violent behavior among criminals.NATURE VERSUS NURTURE THEORY OF CRIMEThe theory of nature versus nurture pertains to the controversy on whether inherent qualities of a biological organism, which is depicted as â€Å"nature†, is related or influenced by the experiences, condition or situation of that particular species (â€Å"nurture†).   The concept the human being develop specific behavioral patterns based on their environment is termed tabula rasa or blank state.This notion is considered to be a major influence in the development of an individual.   These external settings of an individual play a major role in the psychology of an individual, including his anti-social, aggression and criminal behavior.It has thus been questioned for several decades whether criminals are born or could these particular individuals emerge after successive events in their lives that result in the transformation of a normal individual to a criminal.To date, there is much debate over the mechanism behind the entire concept of criminality.   Biologically or non-biologically influenced, criminality remains an elusive subject that still needs to be comprehensively analyzed.The 19th century classic report of Phineas Gage regarding the anti-social behavior that emerged after massive damage of the prefrontal cortex of his brain from a railroad accident is now considered as the birth of the field of forensic neurology (Harlow, 1848).Today, computerized imaging of his fractured skull has shown that the autonomic and social nerve systems are the specific damages that were affected, thus resulting in a totally different individual.   Such observation, together with research results gathered from war veterans, has led to the conclusion that violent criminal behavior is caused by injuries to the frontal lobe of the brain.  It has then been proposed that injury to the prefrontal cortex of the brain causes a condition that has been coined as acquired sociopathy or pseudopsychopath (Blair and Cipolotti, 2000).   It is interesting to know that there is an 11% reduction in the size of the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex among patients diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder (APD) (Raine et al., 2000).A related observation has also been observed between intelligence and alterations in the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex.The temporal lobe of the brain has also been determined to influence an individual’s emotional response and aggression, wherein lesions in the amygdale of the temporal lobe result in an individual’s failure to recognize fear and sadness among the faces of other people (van Elst et al., 2001).The connection between the decreased expression of the monoamine oxidase A enzyme and reactive violence has already been established (Caspi et al., 2002).Monoamine oxidase A is responsible for t he catabolism of monoamines such as serotonin (5-HT).   The working hypothesis currently accepted is that the prefrontal-amygdala connection is altered, resulting in a dysfunctional aggressive and violent behavior, resulting in criminality in particular individuals.Earnest A. Hooton (1887 – 1954) is a highly acclaimed physical anthropologist and evolutionist.   Much of his work focused on interindividual variations based on physiological and anatomical characteristics, including measurements of buttock-knee lengths as the main basis for constructing seats for the Pennsylvania railway trains.Hooton was also recognized for his concepts in primatology and comparative anatomy as basis for explaining differences in the human as well as primate species.He was successful in describing a primary race, of which can be further subdivided in several racial subtypes.   He is a proponent of the concept of eugenics, which involves genetic selection of traits that are deemed beneficia l to the current population.The field of eugenics has been an interest in the field of biology and medicine because it facilitates the creation of new haplotypes that may be positively selection in the course of evolution.Hooton’s work is also significant to our current scientific concept of crime because he persistently attempted to prove that criminal have biologically distinct characteristics from non-criminals.His anthropological work on physical differences based on a population of approximately 13,873 male prisoners from 10 different states across the United States.   His results strengthened his claim on the biological causes of violence and aggression and that his claimed that criminal behavior is a simple representation of an inferior type of human species that has degenerated.Unfortunately, Hooton was inadequate in integrating the concept of population genetics into his research because he haphazardly took 3,023 men from the general population to conduct a compara tive analysis of physical differences.   His measurement of foreheads, eyelids, ears, cheekbones, jaws, chins and shoulders resulted in a confusing supportive evidence for his claim.He explained in one of his published works that biology plays a major role in the development of individuals and society and that the environment is wrongly blamed for any failure that befalls an individual (Hooton, 1939).The research claim of Hooton had sparked more effort into determining the basis behind criminality.   Other researchers from different fields of specialization ridicules Hooton’s work, describing it as the comical attempt in defining criminal behavior.The general reaction to Hooton’s claim that criminals are biologically inferior was condemned.   Sociologists refused to accept the notion that physical unattractiveness is strongly correlated to criminal behavior.The advent of eugenics in combination with criminality has sparked interest in designed specialized techniq ues that may be applied to individuals that show physical and anatomical features that are consistently observed among criminals.An advocate of Hooton’s concept on the physical basis of criminality would assertively promote selective management of populations in order to eventually generate a prime standard of individuals in the next generation that is distinct from the features that Hooton described that are strongly correlated with criminality.   An advocate of the biological connection of criminality would employ the concept of eugenics in screening individuals that show a potential to show criminal and anti-social behavior.   To make things more complex, the features that Hooton described may also be used as criteria in admission to schools and workhouses.An extreme reaction would even results in construction of facilities that would enclose candidates or suspects for criminal behavior.   A biological discrimination would thus be observed and this unfair basis of sc reening individuals would create more chaos in society.Eugenics may also be translated as a screening tool in picking which criminals will be kept in prison and which individuals will be freed and this action will be mainly based on the biological features of whether the criminal may be rehabilitated or transformed into a normal non-aggressive person.The so-called degenerate individuals would be kept off the streets in order to prevent interaction with non-degenerate individuals, as well as to prevent future crimes in the community.   In addition, society would be introduced to the option of strictly selecting partners for marriage because they will be taught to pick partners that show obvious physical differences from the consensus physical features of criminals.THE GENERAL THEORY OF CRIMEThe self-control theory as proposed by Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) couples an argument regarding the driving force behind criminality and the features of a criminal act.   Gottfredson and H irschi contend that crime is similar to other out of control and unlawful actions such as alcoholism and smoking because it generates in an individual a temporary yet immediate feeling of gratification.This kind of action is created by a condition that is characterized by low self-control.   The authors claim that the condition of having poor self-control is an innate condition that is set in place during the early childhood at around 7 or 8 years of age.   In relation to the mechanism behind criminality, the authors explain that crime is a straightforward action to results in gratification in an individual.Such perception of crime is associated with a number of implications to the general theory of crime.   Firstly, the general theory of crime presents that crime is an uncomplicated action that does not need any strategic preparation or intricate knowledge.Secondly, the general theory of crime is related to a number of elements that are included in the theory of routine activ ities because just like other uncontrolled acts, crimes are not planned and it is easy for individuals with low self-esteem to be easily motivated to commit such acts.In addition, criminality is strongly influenced by external factors such as the scarcity of easy targets as well as the presence of associates that are capable of helping or even performing a criminal act.The theory of crime by Gottfredson and Hirschi regarding the early age of 7 or 8 also entails that the longitudinal analysis of crime is not necessary and that age-correlated theories of crime are confusing.The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi also considers the fundamental argument regarding age and the unlawful act.   It is actually different from what is presented at general courses in criminology regarding the analysis of age-crime correlations and social factors that are related to crime.A distinction of the general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi is that the age-crime linkage is ve ry different through time, location and culture that the age-crime correlation is irrelevant of any social explanation.   Their general theory of crime also describes that criminals continue to perform unlawful acts of crime even during marriage and eventually end up as unmarried criminals.The same thing goes with offenders who are currently employed—these individuals generally continue on as offenders and the only difference after some time is that they lose their jobs.The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi thus presents an argument against the connection of crime with marriage and employment thus showing that a criminal is incompetent in maintaining a relationship in a marriage or a commitment to work because he is commonly known as person of very low command of his control.Their presentation of the force behind criminality is thus focused on self-control and the authors point out that most investigations regarding criminality do not include this concept.à ‚  The authors explain that most of the concepts on crime describe the possible notions of the criminal.   Gottfredson and Hirschi thus provide a revolutionary concept of crime that describes that the nature of crime is actually simple because it easily connects the concept of individuals and their immediate environment.They proposed that most crimes are easily performed because there is no need for complex preparations.   In addition, a criminal act does not actually impart a lot of deleterious consequences.   They describe that crimes usually happen late at night or very early in the morning to any individual.   There is also no requirement for training or skills to perform a criminal act.The authors also explain the concept that crime does not pay because most criminal acts result in small to negligible benefits.   In the cases that do provide any benefits, the criminals tend to fail with the criminal act or they are highly exposed thus resulting in a lot of risks such as being caught and eventually put in jail.The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi also present the conditions that make a situation conducive to crime.   They describe that routine activities play an important factor for a crime to happen because these provide the predictability of the movements and activities of the target individual.Criminals often study how their target victim goes around, comes home or leaves the house.   If the target individual has a routine schedule that is very predictable, the criminal will have a very easy way to know  Ã‚   the best time for him to invade the house of the target victim.The same factors also influence other criminal acts such as rape, wherein the target female victim may probably pass through the same route late at night and the criminal may pick a day at that particular time when not so much people at around and he can attack his victim at the particular time when the female victim is walking along the street late at night.   These settings of predictability of routine activities are actually very beneficial to the criminal and this outweighs the risks of performing the criminal act.Other theories of crime that do not consider these features of crime generally analyze other factors that are not consistent with the empirical information about crime (Walker, 2001).   The other theories actually claim the each crime has a different force that pushes the criminal to perform such unlawful act.In addition, other theories state that substantial knowledge and training are needed in order for a criminal to successfully perform a crime.   The general theory of crime of Gottfredson and Hirschi thus provides a simple yet comprehensible explanation of the force behind criminality.SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF CRIMEThere are several sociological theories in the field of criminology.   The Social Control Theory explains that the utilization of the socialization procedure and social learning results in self- control and decreases the chances that an individual will succumb to an anti-social type of behavior.This theory was strongly addressed by Travis Hirschi and it follows the Positivist, Neo-Classical and Right Realism schools of thought (Akers, 2000).   This theory resulted from the Functionalist concepts of crime and suggests that there are four modes of control.The first mode of control is direct, which pertains to imminent punishment based on unlawful action.   This mode of control is also associated with rewards in the case the compliance of the individual is observed.The second mode of control is indirect, which pertains to desistance in performing unlawful acts due to his conscience.   Another mode of control is internal, which is related to self-identification of delinquency and its associated pain and disappointment to the people around the individual.A fourth type of control is satisfaction, wherein an individual will not perform an evil act if he is content with his c urrent conditions.   Hence the Social Control Theory suggests that individuals will not perform any criminal act if their relationships, value and beliefs are intact.The Strain Theory of criminology explains that the society and its related levels and sublevels persuade individuals to perform criminal acts (Agnew, 1992).   This theory was proposed by Emile Durkheim and was further supported by Merton, Cohen and Messner and Rosenfeld.   It has been determined that strain may be of two levels.Structural strain pertains to the processes in society that influence an individual’s perception of his needs.   On the other hand, individual strain pertains to the hostility and suffering that an individual experiences during his search for things that will make him happy.   Hence the strain theories present the connection between structural and functional bases for criminal actions.The structural basis for criminality explains the processes behind actions, as well as finding a n event with a bigger concept of sites, distances and associations.   The functional basis for criminality explains how independent sections fit and result as a bigger system.   Hence all systems are influenced by sections that cooperate with each other and that any impediment that occurs in a particular section will result in a failure of the entire system.This means that either a replacement or a repair should be performed in order to make a system functional again.

Jane Eyres Childhood as a Precedent for All the Trouble...

Jane Eyres Childhood as a Precedent for All the Trouble Jane Eyres literary success of the time has been cheaply commercialized. In other words, Brontes novel never got the appreciation it deserved, in the areas it deserved. Many 19th century critics merely assigned literary themes to their reviews to get it over with. Critics commended Jane Eyre for everything from its themes to its form. However, their surface examinations amount to nothing without careful consideration of the deeper underlying background in Janes life where their hasty principles originate. The widely discussed free will of Janes, her strong individuality, and independence are segments of a greater scheme, her life. For example: Janes childhood serves as the†¦show more content†¦Rochesters love in that arbitrary cold manner is a trait which takes root in her childhood trauma. J anes childhood trauma results as a product of her times at Gateshed and Lowood. There were a series of irreversible problems that Jane had to deal with. She was born an orphan into a house devoid of love or respect for her. It is not overly emotionally healthy to live with the ostracism by the Reed family and the unrelenting anxiety over the chidings of the servants, the violence of John Reed, and the punishments and berating of Mrs. Reed. (Ashe 10) Evidently, Jane had this lifestyle since she was little. This can be inferred from Mrs. Reeds loving statement I hated it the first time I set my eyes on it-a sickly, whining, pining thing (7) Jane was not only resented but also lacking any kind of love to balance her out. We know this right away when she is reading her book and she notes there were certain introductory pages I could not pass quite as a blank. They were

The Great Depression And Its Impact On Society During The...

In 2008, the US economy suffered from an economic recession that led to high levels of unemployment and low economic growth. It resulted from a combination of many factors which included bank failure, income inequality, and rising debt in the private sector. This recession has been referred to as the â€Å"Great Recession† and has been mentioned in speeches by President Obama along with the Great Depression of the 1930s. In this way, the Great Depression has become a measuring stick in order to determine the severity of economic downturns in the modern economy. Thus, it is important for modern Americans to gain a more in-depth understanding of the Great Depression and how it applies to our lives today. One way to gain this understanding is through an awareness of the causes of the Great Depression and the extent of the social consequences that were a result. Due to this, this paper will focus on the multiple causes of the Great Depression and the impact that the Great Depres sion had on society during the 1930s and today. If one were to ask a random person on the street the major causes of the Great Depression, one might expect to hear simple answers, such as the stock market crashed and many banks failed. However, the reality is that this is an oversimplification of the situation that existed during the 1920s and 1930s that brought about the Great Depression. Like most, if not all historical events, there were numerous elements that contributed to the Great Depression.Show MoreRelatedGreat Depression Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesmisery and hardship recalled by Canadians is the Great Depression. The Great Depression of the 1930s was a time of severe poverty, unemployment and unjust treatment experienced like never before by Canada. The Great Depression was unforeseen, yet inevitable. The Great Depression led many families to undertake drastic measures. This spark ignited a flame of downwards spiralling, leading the worst to be brought out in Canadian s everywhere. Some say the 1930s was a time most difficult for single, unemployedRead MoreThe Consequences Of The Great Depression875 Words   |  4 Pagesthe consequences of the great depression in France. For this paper, to identify the consequences of the great depression in France I will have to obtain a variety of sources that explain how they got involved. Using these sources I will be able to figure out who was mainly damaged and how they try to resolve issues. I will also be able to identify who else was involved that may have caused things get worse. Information of France before and after the great depression will also be helpful to analyzeRead MoreCulture during the 20s-40s: Great Gatsby1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthat music, dance and fashion have a great affect on society and culture. 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In my own words, glamour is an unreal quality that uplifts an individual into the dimension of something else, their natural beauty and desire is above anything we see in everyday lifeRead MoreBeneath The Vibrant And Vivacious Atmosphere Of The 1920S,1317 Words   |  6 Pageslifestyle ultimately caused the painful unemployment and loss of money that ruined the economy. If the buying on loans during the 1920s was not so widespread, the successful economy would have continued into the next decade, causing history to unravel differently. The prevalence of buying stocks on margin and credit during this time period led America to the horrendous Great Depression, in which laissez-faire economics appeared to fail the thousands of banks and businesses that fought for their survivalRead MoreWomen s Role During The Great Depression1232 Words   |  5 PagesAs the Great Depression crept up on the United States people began to see the effects of the economic down spiral. To try a keep afloat people did what they could to survive. The role women played during this time period was a strong example of this drive for survival. Women stepped up to the plate for their family and jumped into the workforce to become the new breadwinners of their family. They broke barriers and didn t care what people thought of them. Even though most of the jobs out there wereRead MoreThe Great Depression 1051 Words   |  5 PagesFormer President Calvin Coolidge said, â€Å"In other periods of depression, it has always been possible to see some things which were solid and upon which were solid and upon which you could base hope, but as I look about, I now see nothing to give ground to hope- nothing of man† and to some extent it was true. Americans lost all hope in life entering a deep dark tunnel with no light in the end. The Great Depression was not something that appeared out of thin air; it grew over time like a tumor andRead MoreRadio in the 1930s Essay1066 Words   |  5 Pagescommunications changed society during the 1930’s? According to the research done by the Education Foundation, many people believe that the most important development in the radio at that time was entertainment; this is entirely false. In fact, radio communications not only made an impact in the way people received their news, but also brought together a nation that got out of a brutal depression. Together, the nations as one made radio communications the commanding form of media in the 1930’s. As stations

The Industrial Revolution Of The Victorian Era - 2569 Words

The Industrial Revolution of the Victorian Era was a time of development and underdevelopment. While the technology was improving, the social class structure and treatment of the underprivileged stayed the same. Social injustices at the time were often overlooked, but there were many Victorian writers, including Charles Dickens that wrote social commentaries regarding to these issues. Dickens sympathizes with society’s underprivileged because he had experienced similar injustices as a child. His works are a form of direct appeal to society to take action against poverty, exploitation of children, and the flaws of the judicial system. Through the use of characterization and imagery, Dickens portrayed the reality within the Victorian society pertaining to the social injustice towards the poor. Dickens was born into a middle class family. His father’s occupation was a clerk. However, his father was often in debt due to his congeniality and hospitality. And in 1824, his fam ily was sent to debtor’s prison, but Dickens, who was only twelve years old at the time, was sent to work at a blacking factory, a warehouse for manufacturing, packaging, and distributing â€Å"blacking†, a polish for cleaning shoes, which enabled him to support his family (Makati 7). Dickens was only paid six shillings a week for his daily labor of twelve hours, and he dined on a slice of pudding and slept in an attic. Such a dreadful experience at a young age led Dickens to sympathize with the wretchedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects And Effects Of The Industrial Revolution During The Victorian Era1465 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Victorian years, some of the main characteristics we think of the industrial revolution and the effects during the Victorian period. 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The Victorian Era started around 1830 and lasted up until the start of the 20th Century. During this Era England became very powerful. Many amazing masterpieces were created by great artists like Oscar Wilde and Charles Dickens. The three class system which we are familiar with, became more prominent. This can be attested to the Industrial Revolution which made

Noah’s Ark Free Essays

God saw that the world had become an evil and corrupt place, so he decided to destroy mankind by creating an apocalyptic flood. However, God saw that one man, Noah, who was worthy among all of mankind to live. God told Noah to build an ark for him and his wife, three sons and his three sons wives, so that they could survive and prosper among the earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Noah’s Ark or any similar topic only for you Order Now God also told Noah to gather animals of all kinds but they had to be male and female of each kind.After building the ark , Noah and his family and all the animals got onto the ark, God made it rain for forty days and nights; and all of life on earth was destroyed from the face of the earth. Noah had done all of what God had asked of him and Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters came to earth The ark was to be â€Å"four hundred and fifty feet long, seventy five feet wide and forty five feet high†? (Genesis 6:15). Noah was told to load the arkseven days before the floods came. The only beings that survived the flood ere those whom God had let join Noah on the ark. God decided to take action by way of the waters. The Lord goes on to say â€Å"As long as the earth endures, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, day and night will never cease†? (Genesis 8:22). God†tms covenant with Noah is a covenant of love and grace. The Lord chose because he was a righteous man whom praised the Lord Almighty. The rain fell for forty days and forty nights, soaking the Earth and lifting the ark high above the ground.Even though animals may have been a source of food before, the human population will now have to hunt those animals. And he alone guarantees their keeping. Noah was a father of three sons and a firm believer and follower of the Lord. Not withstanding the scoffing and jeers of many of his neighbors, he built the ark as God had commanded him. No matter how harsh or violent the flood seems, it is important to understand that it was a by-product of love. As God receives his sacrifices he promises to never destroy the living world in such a manner ever again. How to cite Noah’s Ark, Papers

Biometric For Authentication Procedure †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Biometric For Authentication Procedure. Answer: Introduction Biometric is an authentication procedure that entails the use of facial scans or fingerprints to identify an individual. It utilizes the user biometric data and transforms it into digital information that can be read and interpreted by the computer. Despite biometric authentication being a secure way identifying the users, in the recent first the system has faced numerous challenges and problems. For example, there has been an ongoing debate about the effectiveness of the biometric system as a mechanism to ensure surveillance and security of the users. Similarly, the system has been criticized manageability and usability as well as appropriateness in the different contexts. Finally, there have been allegations that biometric for authentication has negative social impacts because of its effects on the peoples privacy. This paper aims to explore the key issues facing biometric for authentication. Challenges of Biometric for Authentication The security system has been in the position to face challenges that have made the system to be upgraded to a newer version. The greatest challenge is that the secured items may not be accessed by any other person in case of death or accident to the extent of not being recognized. This has been the greatest issue as it has called for the upgrade of the system so that it can be able to detect the owner and the next of keen. Another pressing challenge is when an individuals identity has been faked. The imposters will be in the position to change and clear the data so that it does not recognize the owner. The act will defiantly lead to the loss of property. This has made innovators keep working so that they can come up with a system that will ensure that the access of the safe is connected to all the network of the owner. The connection will be in the position to notify the owner for the access, and so they have to accept the process (Campisi, 2013). Problem Associated to Biometric for Authentication The system has been in the position to pose problems that are seen to be a threat to the system. The biggest problem is on the way the process of taking the biometric data of an individual. An individual may have an alteration on say their fingerprints which may become be registered and later the prints do not match. Taking the example of the eye scan, this will have to take the shape of the eye of an individual. The eye at the point of taking the data may be normal, but with time the individuals eye may get complications thus altering the shape. This will later own not match with the data that was taken before (Liu, 2012). Relevant Technologies and their Applications Technology on biometric has been improved to the point that will not allow room for forging. Finger vein recognition is one of the technologies that have been invented. This is the technology that will have to take the fingerprint and the vein arrangement in the finger of the owner. This will have to take care of the alteration of the fingerprint as the vein arrangement will be as a buck up. This technology can be used in the securing of individuals money or items in the banks. Another better technology is the 3D facial recognition. This is whereby the shape of the face is taken, and so this will be used as a security measure. This is one of the technologies that cannot be forged at all. This technology can be used in the securing of the highly classified files and equipment in say the government. It can be used by the president to secure the countries missiles and warheads (Vacca, 2007). Vague areas and Research Questions The technology has not been in the position to clearly prove to us the percentage at which the secure items are safe. The fact that computers control all the systems here it may make it prone to hacking thus changing the identities or even scraping them off the database. The system is not in the position to provide a security backup in case of a breach. The question to be asked is whether there are buck up systems that have been placed or installed that may counteract the violation in the event of a detected forgery. Summary of Issues from the Forum The greatest issue that was seen to be in the position to also buck up the discussion was on the accuracy of the system. This is in the sense that the systems were designed in the meaning that there was no room for mistakes in collecting the data and storing. The data was also seen to be separately kept in a way that will not be mistaken or mishandled by other imposter individuals. This made it easier and accurate to locate the owner of the secured items. My discussion was in the position to fully contribute to the knowledge as it provided almost all the required aspects. It was in the position to cover all areas in a way that provided room for more research so that to seal the loopholes. The discussion by my peers was accurate as it was also able to prove the accuracy and functionality of the system (Ashbourn, 2011). Left out Information on Biometric for Authentication The issue of accuracy and availability was not adequately discussed. This is in the position that the system should be designed in such a way that it will always be reliable and safer than other alternatives. This is an important issue to the clients as the reason as to why they opted for the biometric was because of the accuracy and availability it has. This is important as it will have to directly influence the people who opted for the system to continue using or not. The accuracy and availability of the system should be kept at the forefront Impact and Application of the above Mention Issue The above issue has been seen to be in the position to directly affect the operation and functioning of the companies in place for the systems. It has been observed that the company if not accurate they end up losing their clients information to unauthorized individuals. The accuracy and reliability can be improved and be used by anyone who will have used the biometric authentication for security. The system will be used to secure personal information from unauthorized individuals (Lockie, 2009). Valuable lesson The lesson learned tells us that we should always go for the best, accurate and always available option. This is applicable not only to the security matters but all other factors. Therefore, biometric for authentication is a suitable system that should adopt by the organization both in the private sector and in the public sector. Conclusion The above discussion elaborates it clear that there is a lot to be done to create awareness to the public that biometric for the authentication is a good system that should be embraced by all. Despite the challenges associated with biometric for an authentication system, the value of the system is very crucial. Finally, this paper concludes that despite the system being beneficial for the businesses and general public there is a need of frequent upgrading to ensure the privacy of the users is always secured. References Campisi, P. (2013).Security and privacy in biometrics. London New York: Springer. Liu, N. (2012).Bio-privacy: privacy regulations and the challenge of biometrics. Oxon England: Routledge. Vacca, J. (2007).Biometric technologies and verification systems. Amsterdam Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann/Elsevier Ashbourn, J. (2011).Guide to Biometrics for large-scale systems: technological, operational, and user-related factors. London New York: Springer. Lockie, M. (2009).Biometric technology. Chicago: Heinemann Library